The American Character Essay - 1814 Words

Washington Irving expertly reflects American history in his piece of 1819 â€Å"Rip Van Winkle.† Unbeknownst to Rip Van Winkle, the colonies are now free of British rule as Irving writes, â€Å"Here a general shout burst from the bystanders—‘A Tory! a Tory! a spy! A refugee! hustle him! Away with him’† (Matthews, 2007, para. 36). Rip enters the village armed, ignorant of the fact that he presents the look of a loyalist. The question of being a refugee is preferable to accusations of being a Tory, as a colonist refugee would not claim British loyalty which Rip did openly saying â€Å"’†¦And a loyal subject of the king, God bless him’† (Matthews, 2007, para. 35). If Rip had not been justified by one who once knew him, there could have been an†¦show more content†¦Irving’s keen writing exemplifies his historical insight in the tale â€Å"Rip Van Winkle.† Strong puritan beliefs are discussed in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s piece of 1835 â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† An important question rises that ignites more questions on the role of God versus the devil in how we live our lives, the choices we make, and our uncertain salvation. Do we look to God or succumb to the temptation of the devil? Hawthorne writes, â€Å"’What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow’† (Hawthorne, 2011, para. 9). His uncertain curiosity leads him down a wicked path of which the devil continuously pursues him and he struggles with his own conflicting thoughts, identity, and Faith. Hawthorne historically reflects the Puritans in their relentless struggle to become perfect in the eyes of God. Under the Puritan doctrine it’s common for individuals to live a life of uncertainty, never knowing whether God is pleased. This dilemma is characterized by their daring desire to please themselves and still feel spiritual ful fillment. Goodman Brown expresses his fears as well as his hopes when Hawthorne states, â€Å"’Faith! Faith!’ cried the husband, ‘look up to Heaven, and resist the wicked one’† (Hawthorne, 2011, para. 69). In this declaration Goodman Brown advocates good while identifying evil as he renounces Satan. Puritan history dictates that only strong belief in God makes resisting Satan possible. It is daily repentance of sin which results inShow MoreRelatedAmerican Character - Then and Now2118 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican Character - Then and Now A notion that still holds strong today, Fredrick Jackson Turners idea of American character was one based on trials and experiences. Unlike Crevecour, Turner believed that American character was not simply a product of English character transported to America, but rather another idea altogether (Faragher 63). He expressed this opinion the best when he said, In the crucible of the frontier the immigrants were Americanized, liberated, and fused into a mixedRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of American Assassin1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe book I read was American Assassin, by Vance Flynn. It has 435 pages in it. In this book, the main character is a strong, determined fighter who has had a tragedy occur in his life. I compared the personality and the events that the main character, Mitch Rapp, faced with the song Believer, by Imagine Dragons. The song is about someone who faces many challenges in his life, but uses it to develop strength, which is something that Mitch Rapp does in America n Assassin. American Assassin is aboutRead More american character - then and now Essay2086 Words   |  9 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;American Character - Then and Now nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A notion that still holds strong today, Fredrick Jackson Turner’s idea of American character was one based on trials and experiences. Unlike Crevecour, Turner believed that American character was not simply a product of English character transported to America, but rather another idea altogether (Faragher 63). He expressed this opinion the bestRead MoreThe Damage Of The American Dream Character Analysis752 Words   |  4 PagesThe Damage of the American Dream The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, wonderfully shows how the values of characters in the novel set the time period of the 1920s. The major characters in the story has clear motives and values which helps the reader understand high society before The Great Depression, and give a clear indication that the theme of the book is a twisted view of the American Dream. Nick Carraway is the first persona we are introduced to and arguably the most important; as he isRead MoreThe Unique Character Of America And The American People1721 Words   |  7 PagesCharacter: The Unique Character of America and the American people Throughout history, American has been characterized as a distinctive country. One with its own particular set of rules and customs that make its culture very different from cultures in other parts of the world. The idea of a unique America gives rise to two main ideas: The uniqueness of America and the effect of its uniqueness on its people. Many writers and great thinkers have incorporated these ideas into their writings. A commonlyRead MoreAmory Blaine : A True American Character1586 Words   |  7 PagesA True American Character One of the major characteristics of a great novel is its potential to depict characters that are representative of a specific society, its ideology, its conventions, and its worldview. Analyzing from the perspective of characterization, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel â€Å"This Side of Paradise† should be considered as one of the greatest novels ever written in the realm of American literature because emphasizing on the development of the central protagonist’s character in the novelRead MoreAmerican Beauty Character Analysis Essay653 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Beauty Character Analysis Everyone knows the Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. But is this necessarily always true? Apparently not to Kevin Spacey as he played the role of Lester Burnham in the 1999 film American Beauty. His rule was When youve got nothing to lose, you might as well risk everything. Lester Burnham and his wife, Carolyn, portray a perfect lifestyle to the naked eye. Everyone sees Lester as a man with a perfect high-paying job and a perfectRead MoreAmerican Sphinx : The Character Of Thomas Jefferson3030 Words   |  13 PagesAmerican Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson, a biography by Joseph Ellis, encompasses many aspects of one of the most controversial and unforgettable American Founding Fathers. Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence and a man of astonishing achievements, left behind a legacy of paradoxes and mysteries, which are thoroughly analyzed throughout the novel. Unlike some people, who are easily characterized and have definite opinions, Thomas Jefferson’s beliefs and intentionsRead MoreAnalysis of Characters in Ugly American by by Burdick and Lederer1796 Words   |  8 PagesThe next character I will mention is Honorable Gilbert MacWhite, who replaced Ambassador Sears in Sarkhan. This character functioned in c omplete contrast to Sears. He understood the sensitivity of the US mission in Sarkhan and how vulnerable the Sarkhanese government was to potential communist influences. He also understood the communist threat and did not underestimate it. MacWhite’s understanding of the operational environment was clear from the beginning and made constant efforts in understandingRead MoreAmerican Sphinx The True Character Of Thomas Jefferson Analysis963 Words   |  4 Pagesthird president of the United States of America, but the majority are biographies. In the book American Sphinx: The True Character of Thomas Jefferson, author, Joseph J. Ellis, writes about the character of Thomas Jefferson, by examining his thoughts, actions, and writings in different periods of his life. Ellis starts off the first chapter of his book with what many would call a blemish on one’s character, owning slaves. Throughout Jefferson’s life, he owned give or take 200 slaves. But, between

Essay on How Does Facebook and Twitter Affect Social...

Today, we live in a world that is more interconnected than ever before. The invention of the internet, cellphones, and computers have almost made everyone and everything within the reach of our fingertips. With the evolution of communications technology, methods of political participation and civic engagement have also changed to adapt to this advance made by mankind. Before, our choice was limited to holding demonstrations, going out to the streets, and protesting in order for our voices to be heard. Consequently, we had no choice but to resort to lobbying and writing letters to politicians for our concerns to be known. In the present time, communication among people has been made easier with the aid of technology. Cellphones and†¦show more content†¦Specifically, it is social media that has increased the capability of different actors – activists, citizens, non-governmental institutions, media - to connect and relate with each other in terms of the various political issues that is present in our society. It has provided the platform where a new agora in the modern era can be established. Truly, social media has made it easier for citizens to share information among themselves and has lowered the cost of participating in society. Statement of the Problem The accessability to participation that the internet brings was initially thought to enhance and increase political participation. Unfortunately, social media isn’t as helpful as it was initially thought out to be. Some scholars have stated that ‘slacktivism’ or political activities done through the internet have no political or social impact whatsoever. Slacktivism only serves the purpose of making these supposed ‘activists’ feel good about themselves. It makes slacktivists think that they are significantly contributing to a cause that they believe in by doing nothing more than joining a Facebook group or signing a petition. These actions make slacktivists think that they have done something that can change how society is which is why they are less likely to go out in the streets. Moreover, these online activities have been criticized as being a hindrance to change since, as said by Putnam (quoted in Christensen 2011), â€Å"people are unableShow Mo reRelatedThe Importance Of Social Media996 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Social media is a term used to describe the type of media that is based on conversation and interaction between people online. Social media are media designed to be disseminated through social interaction, using highly accessible and scalable publishing techniques.† - Wikipedia For almost two decades, the web has changed the world and revolutionized how information is stored, published, searched and consumed. The ripple effect has spread so wide that it impacts not just businesses and industriesRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Business1720 Words   |  7 Pagesbusinesses was paper advertisements is long gone with the creation and evolution of social media. Social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter allow for a greater interaction between businesses and their customers. There are many different ways that businesses use social media today to promote their brand. For example, some companies offer special promotions for their social media fans. The number one focus when using social media is communication between current and potential consumers and the businessRead MoreSocial Media Personas vs Real-Life Behavior1519 Words   |  7 Pages Twitter use involves special factors that create a unique psychological environment for the user. Amichai-Hamburger (2007) believed that with the help of Twitter people could easily maintain their anonymity by making multiple accounts. In fact, users can choose a false name and falsify or hide other personal and identifying details. Turkle’s (2002) theory that people under secrecy tend to express themselves more freely and sincerely than they would in a face-to-face interaction since they are notRead MoreFacebook Use And College Gpa1257 Words   |  6 PagesInstagram. Twitter. Facebook Admit it, you know you have one or even all of these. A regular part of your daily life has become social networking sites such as these or that they have probably become part of your daily routine: wake up, check Facebook. Shower, check Instagram. Write about your day on Twitter. While Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are easy ways to communicate with friends and family, few stop to consider t he implications its usage may have for them in the future, or the hidden dangersRead MoreSocial Networking : A Catalyst For Emotional Dysfunction1346 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Networking: A Catalyst for Emotional Dysfunction Ask yourself how much time you spend online daily. Now ask yourself what percentage of that time is spent on social networking. For most, I d wager at least 75 percent, if not more. According to google, social networking is defined as the use of dedicated websites and applications to interact with other users, or to find people with similar interests to oneself. While there are hundreds of these sites, the most frequently used and thereforeRead MoreMedia Is The Main Source Of Mass Communication877 Words   |  4 Pagesunnecessary upfront interaction, the media is every where and is ineluctable. Internet is one of the most used forms of media. It gives anyone the freedom to search anything they want. It inherits all possible means of social media, for instance: FaceBook, Twitter, Tumbler, etc. All these social networking sites spread information faster than any other form of media. Nearly 50% of people learn about breaking news on social media. Relatively, 65% of established media reporters use social media sites likeRead MoreHow Marketing Impact Our Life1514 Words   |  7 Pages How does Marketing impact our life? It is simple, Marketing is EVERYWHERE! Every single day we are besieged by commercials that give insights on many different products and services. These commercials are one of the few ways marketing impacts our lives. Marketing is a business action that promotes business products to be sold or to be use in different aspects of services. Marketing is much more than just selling and advertising, it plays an essential role in providing consumers with need/satisfyingRead MoreSocial Media And The Media1027 Words   |  5 PagesSocial media companies There are now many social media companies around today, in which most are available for users and companies around the world 24/7. Some of the main ones being Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. The reason that these sites are so popular with advertising is because they have a massive worldwide audience in which they can instantly reach out to. Twitter alone has 284 million monthly users, supports over 35 different languages and a gigantic 500 million tweets are sentRead MoreIs Social Networking Beneficial to People?831 Words   |  3 Pages Is social networking beneficial to people? That is the question that is asked frequently today. Everything has two faces. Social networking is harmful than beneficial for the society. According to Paul Booth an assistant professor of media and cinema, social media certainly affects the way we engage with one another across all venues and ages. He says that â€Å"70% of people shift in the way we communicate rather than face to face interaction, we are tending to prefer mediated communication. We ratherRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Business1388 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysed in order to draw conclusions. These elements are how Facebook revolutionized contemporary marketing approach, the effect on big brands and small businesses, Facebook’s role in a business and all the tools and strategies they offer will be presented, analysis of the businesses who include Facebook as a marketing key in their business. Comparative data will show the competiveness and efficiency between Facebook and Twitter. Facebook contemporary marketing approach is crucial. Today’s technology

The Relationship Between Human Health and the Built Environment Free Essays

Undertaking 1 Built environment is straight associated with wellness of people populating, working and playing in them and has different impact on different age groups, therefore plays critical portion in human wellness. Increasing cost of wellness, instances of diabetes, fleshiness and other diseases, deficiency of exercising due to transport vehicles domination, easy fast nutrient and limited societal assemblages due to technological promotions adds to wellness jobs in Australia. New South Wales ( NSW ) section of wellness has proposed a wellness built environment plan ( HBEP ) , which focuses on redesigning and developing built environment to better overall wellness utilizing best in category patterns and policies. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Human Health and the Built Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Evidence gathered by NSW section of wellness identified deficiency of physical activity, low quality nutrient and improper communicating between communities as the taking grounds behind wellness jobs. Paper focuses on how can these hazards be lowered by modifying the built environment. HBEP plan focal points on how reinforced environment can be improved to better wellness. Discussion on benefits of increased physical activity on wellness were made along with the grounds on how reinforced environment alteration can actuate people to increase physical activity. Evidence has been provided on how political, economic, societal and policies related to construct environment can act upon physical activity positively. Critical analysis on how high residential denseness country in reinforced environment of society, distance to street markets, maintained pathwaies, along with little design elements alteration can increase degree of physical activity. A developing form in the constellation, urban arrangement, and renewing careers is one that explores how build environment helps the wellbeing issues of Australia. This position is focused around the idea that deficient eating methodological analysis and stationary life builds the danger for some unwellnesss, for illustration, cardiovascular illness, high blood pressure, colon malignance, kind 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, stalwartness, jitteriness and depression. An agreement now exists among wellbeing research workers, curative professionals and different experts that a dynamic life style lessens the danger for some ceaseless infections and/or encourages the effectual disposal of those illnesss. Inside this scene, the dynamic life development emerged a twosome of old ages prior to strike the stationary society issue. It focused on the betterment of a life style that incorporates physical action into twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours agendas, with the aim of aggregating negligibly 30 proceedingss of motion every twenty-four hours by sauntering, bicycling, working out, working in the pace, taking the steps, or take parting in some other sort of physical action. Further perceptual experience of people towards physical activity in reinforced environment was discussed and how this can be molded in support of physical activity utilizing built environment redevelopment policies was analyzed. HBEP plan besides considers built environment alteration for school and college substructures besides in order to do the new coevals accustomed with the importance of wellness every bit early as school. Overall research on societal ecological theoretical account is done sing the impact of policies related to society, political relations, built environment and economical on physical activity. Further a elaborate research on the impact of built environment on community strengthening was conducted and failings were found related to hapless self residential determination devising and carelessness of wellness variables in built environment which were so included in HBEP policy plan. Gap analysis between built environment impact on societal connexion amongst peopl e and community authorization was analyzed. HBEP policy considers bridging this spread through improved communicating between built environment section and wellness section of Australia. Paper besides reviews literatures the impact of advertisement of fast nutrients on their ingestion and how it leads to increases instances of diseases. It was found that there is no proper consideration of relationship between advertisement of bad nutrient and jobs originating due to ingestion of that nutrient. Evidence were found by NSW section of wellness that built environment of schools besides had no proviso of commanding advertisement of fast nutrients around school campuses. It was found that reinforced environment policy did non had any methodological analysis to see the impact of hapless nutrient handiness on the wellness. HBEP proposes a qualitative and quantitative survey to understand the relationship with nutrient in reinforced environment of schools and even residences and advance good nutrient within the environment. Exploration is needed on all parts of the based environment ‘s consequence on sound nourishment debut in Australia. While assorted immense graduated table surveies have been attempted appraising handiness of less than great nutriment, their consequences need to be farther investigated through complex quantitative and qualitative analysis. Advancement of an mixture of socially huffy geographic expedition embraced in diverse urban metropoliss and towns will allow more reliable generalisations to underpin attack. Further paper proposes that making a healthy built environment must be taken attention of critically through better communicating and apprehension, choice leading and relationship edifice. This paper unites a proof base of bing scrutiny to rede solid nature ‘s sod attacks and motions. It similarly helps to the identii ¬?cation of parts of geographic expedition in which reinforced environment policy deficiencies. The Survey ‘s cardinal message is that there is a solid relationship between persons ‘ well-being and built environment and this relationship is really complex. This paper talks about the undertakings, which need to considered in reinforced environment policy of Australia so that healthy environments can be built and jobs can be lowered. Social interaction are determiners of good wellness This statement was mentioned on page 75 of paper and was raised in order to better the societal interactions amongst community people so that reinforced environment can be socially healthy. I wholly agree with this statement in the context of the paper and otherwise. Social interactions improves information flow between people, which can be good for the society as affairs like hapless nutrient around the built environment, cleanliness of workplace, residential society and other topographic points which can impact wellness. It will besides farther better the overall quality of physical and societal environment in communities therefore beef uping the good wellness. Majority of people who will profit from societal interaction are old age people who non so frequently acquire opportunities to socialise. Harmonizing to a study done by University of Rochester medical centre, people who frequently socialize more than other does, populate more and happy ( University of Rochester, 2014 ) . Apa rt from that, there are many wellness advantages of societal interaction, which are discussed below to farther back up the statement: – Frequently people who socially interact have low blood force per unit area degrees than people who do non interact frequently. Low hazard of Alzheimer’s Can assist one overcome solitariness and depression. Less or no hazard of malignant neoplastic disease and cardiovascular related jobs. Everybody needs to experience idolized and upheld peculiarly as we develop more seasoned. As we age, comrades truly might be line of lifes. Social interaction, offering, being in contact with other people who have dynamic, included lives gives populating a ground. Offer to comrades Plutos duplicate the delectations and separation the hurts. Vast, augmented households that were on a regular basis accessible for endorsing are presently less. The sum of one-person household units has expanded. Persons on a regular basis move a long manner from their households to work or vacate. In any instance remaining associated with household, comrades and exercisings has ne’er been more critical. A few surveies report fewer colds, lower circulatory strain and lower bosom rates in members with solid societal ties. Detail indicates that matrimony, possibly the strongest tie, adds old ages to future. Furthermore, self-destruction, emotional instability and spirits maltreatment rates are much lo wer when persons interact socially on a higher degree ( Gold, 1999 ) . Another survey from the US recommends that societal coaction ought to be viewed as an indispensable component for turning lifetime, on a criterion with other wellbeing and lifestyle constituents, to the grade that low societal connexion hurts life span to the extent that liquor dependence and smoke, has more consequence than absence of activity, and is twice every bit destructive as fleshiness ( Louv, 2012 ) . Analysts at Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in Provo, Utah, directed a meta-examination of distributed surveies and found that holding societal ties with comrades, household, neighbours and associates can heighten our opportunities of endurance by 50 for every penny. You can read about their survey online in a paper distributed in the July issue of PLOS Medicine. Mentions: – Louv R. , 2012, Health benefits to kids from contact with the out-of-doorss and nature, [ Online ] , Available from: – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.childrenandnature.org/downloads/CNNHealthBenefits2012.pdf [ Accessed on 13th June, 2014 ] University of Rochester, 2014, Older grownups and importance of societal interaction, [ Online ] , Available from: – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx? ContentTypeID=1 A ; ContentID=4513 [ Accessed on 13ThursdayJune, 2014 ] Gold E. , 1999, Benefits of societal interaction, [ Online ] , Available from: – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.valueoptions.com/april06_newsletter/benefits_of_social_interactions.htm [ Accessed on 13th June,2014 ] How to cite The Relationship Between Human Health and the Built Environment, Essay examples

Double Standard Of Masculinity In Gender Role free essay sample

Socialization Essay, Research Paper Masculinity is a subject that has been debated in our society extensively, through research every bit good as in informal scenes. Many wonder what it means to be masculine, and if we can truly delegate a definition to such a subjective term. After all, shouldn # 8217 ; t one # 8217 ; s own perceptual experience be the determiner of what constitutes maleness? This self-construction would be the ideal in our society, but unluckily, it represents a false belief. Masculinity has certain features assigned to it by our civilization. In this paper I will research the many aspects of maleness and demonstrate how certain beliefs refering to it are perpetuated in our society. I will besides uncover many of the contradictions between society # 8217 ; s assigned definition of maleness and the outlook that males will somehow larn how to move contrary to that assigned and learned significance. Definition of Masculinity Work forces are chiefly and secondarily socialized into believing certain features are unequivocal in finding their manfulness and maleness. These features range from non shouting when they get hurt to being and playing violently. The socialisation of maleness in our society begins every bit early as the first phases of babyhood. A kid # 8217 ; s burgeoning sense of ego or self-concept is a consequence of the battalion of thoughts, attitudes, behaviours, and beliefs to which he is exposed ( Witt 1997 ) . Subsequently in this paper the inquiry of whether there are familial factors will be discussed. However, to foster my statement at this point, I will discuss maleness as it is socially defined. From the beginning of a male child # 8217 ; s life he is socialized into the belief that he should be # 8216 ; tough # 8217 ; . Often when male childs get hurt, # 8217 ; grate their articulatio genus # 8217 ; , or come wailing to their female parent or male parent, the doomed words, # 8220 ; Little boys wear # 8217 ; t call # 8221 ; , publish Forth. Children internalise parental messages sing gender at an early age, with consciousness of grownup sex function differences being found in two-year-old kids. One survey found that kids at two and a half old ages of age usage gender stereotypes in negociating their universe and are likely to generalise gender stereotypes to a assortment of activities, objects, and businesss ( Witt 1997 ) . This legitimization Teachs males that male childs and work forces are non allowed to shout. There besides exists the belief that male childs are frequently required to make # 8216 ; work forces # 8217 ; s work # 8217 ; outside of the place such as cut downing the lawn, cleaning the garage, etc. , and non # 8217 ; effeminate adult females # 8217 ; s work # 8217 ; such as cookery and cleansing, etc. Other factors help to perpetuate certain criterions expected of work forces and male childs ( Stearns 1990 ) . The force male child # 8217 ; s informant on telecasting farther legitimates this belief. Katz explains that advertisement imagination equates maleness with force. For male child this means aggression is instrumental in that it enables them to set up their maleness ( Katz 1995 ) . Lee Bowker researched the influence advertizements have on young person. He asserts that plaything advertisements having merely boys depict aggressive behaviour. Queerly, the aggressive behaviour by and large consequences in positive effects more frequently than negative. Bowker besides looked at commercials with male childs that contain mentions to domination. The consequences of all the commercials indicate that 68.6 % of the commercials positioned toward male childs contain incidents of verbal and physical aggression. There was no cross? gender show of aggressive behaviour. Interestingly, non one single-sex commercial featuring misss shows any act of aggression ( Bowker 1998 ) . This research helps explicate that it is non merely the support of close caretakers to the kid that legitimate maleness but society as a whole ( utilizing the telecasting as a symbol of society and it # 8217 ; s desires ) . Another illustration of how this can be reinforced even by adult females who may or may non be seeking to proclaim such a belief is with an experience I had turning up: When I would acquire a cut or a contusion, I would rally up all the strength I had to non shout. I feared that if I cried I wouldn # 8217 ; t be worthy of being a tough child. On one juncture I had a terrible cut in my articulatio genus that required several stitches. When I took a expression at the lesion after turn overing up my pant leg, my first disposition was to interrupt out shouting. However, at that minute my instructor told me what a brave male child I was and how astonied she was that I was non shouting. She likely did non recognize that she was directing a message to me that if I cried I would non be tough plenty, and hence I would non go a existent adult male. Sports is another type of legitimation that reinforces society # 8217 ; s definition of maleness. Boys watch how their male parents dote and fawn over # 8216 ; the game # 8217 ; , whether it is football, hoops, or any other athletics that epitomizes maleness. Children notice that the # 8216 ; work forces # 8217 ; on Television impress pa and they want to be like that. This initial reinforcing stimulus is a major drift for male childs desiring to larn sports ( Thompson 1995 ) . It may non be merely that pa watches sports on Television, but besides in talking with his boy, he may promote him to develop his athletic art. He can make this in ways such as purchasing him a baseball baseball mitt so they can pass clip playing gimmick, or purchasing him other # 8216 ; masculine # 8217 ; athletic equipment such as guns. All of these factors serve as primary socialisers in transfusing within boys the desire to stand out physically. Similarly, how frequently are immature male childs seen viing with each other in motorcycle races, Acts of the Apostless of physical strength or even in something every bit simple as # 8220 ; My pa can crush up your pa? # 8221 ; Little male childs are taught to see physical art as the ideal. An interesting facet of maleness is that we are non taught so much to be # 8220 ; manfully # 8221 ; but instead to non be feminine. Most of what a immature male child learns about what it means to be masculine is presented to him at such an early phase that he accepts it as an inevitable truth. Often immature male childs can be found twit and even actuating each other with phrases like # 8220 ; Don # 8217 ; t be a ( pantywaist ) miss # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; Merely misss do that. # 8221 ; It seems that there is a permeant fright among all males that the worst possible abuse is to be labeled a female. William Betcher studies that some societies take this construct to an extreme. He talks of the induction rites of the Sambia of New Guinea stating, # 8220 ; Initiation rites Begin when male childs are seven to ten old ages old and include unwritten consumption of older male childs # 8217 ; seeds and painful hemorrhage by lodging grass reeds up the olfactory organ. The hemorrhage is a opposite number of menses and seeds is ingested alternatively of female parent # 8217 ; s milk # 8221 ; ( Betcher 1993 ) . Although these actions seek to tag the male child as # 8220 ; non a adult female # 8221 ; , ironically they incorporate basic feminine biologic maps that work forces lack. Secondary socialisation so acts in the subsequently phases of a male child # 8217 ; s life to reaffirm society # 8217 ; s beliefs about maleness. As male childs grow older, their organic structures develop and they enter junior high and high school. At this point they begin to truly understand that physical art and largess are the ideal. To see how this is done, we can merely expression at the accent given to sports versus the accent given to faculty members in public schools. Intelligibly, how schools emphasize sports over faculty members is traveling to hold some influence over the manner immature work forces think and visualise the importance of physical art, but the true legitimator is how jocks are seen by the pupil? organic structure of the school. Pep mass meetings are thrown to back up the # 8216 ; athletes # 8217 ; , the # 8217 ; stars # 8217 ; of the school. Girls faint over the masculine ‘hunks’ . As immature male childs move into maturity they are told to # 8220 ; be work forces # 8221 ; when confronted with a formidable challenge or when they face some kind of torment. The deduction in this phrase is that work forces should be immune to trouble and non demo any emotion. To demo emotion would be a mark of failing and society would see them as abnormal or inferior ( Pollack 1995 ) . I have covered the socialisation procedure demoing how physical art is objectified and legitimated in males. This procedure, nevertheless, does non stop in high school. As work forces move into their mid-twentiess and mid-thirtiess, wellness and fittingness become issues of concern. To see how wellness and fittingness are socially defined as excessively muscular work forces, one demand merely pick up a transcript of Men # 8217 ; s Health. Invariably you will happen on the screen, work forces flashing their toned, muscular organic structures, and frequently you will happen them with a temptingly beautiful and toned adult female by their side. These toned and muscled work forces are seen and depicted by society as the ideal. They may non be the healthy persons and likely are non. However, they are deemed as the # 8216 ; ideal work forces # 8217 ; of our society. Along with the accent on wellness and fittingness comes the continued coming of athletic art. How frequently are work forces asked # 8220 ; Did you see the game last dark? # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; How about them Jazz? # 8221 ; In the work topographic point and societal groupings, work forces frequently turn the subject of conversation to athletic events, enthralled and enraptured by the subject. From the beginning of male life to the really end, society has determined that work forces must be strong, tough, distant, and powerful to be considered masculine and non weak or effeminate. Is this all that society ( and adult females ) want in work forces? Do they desire simple-minded # 8216 ; hunks # 8217 ; of muscular structure that are # 8216 ; tough # 8217 ; . It is no longer sufficient for work forces to merely be # 8216 ; tough # 8217 ; physically. They must besides show competency intellectually, spiritually and emotionally. This statement is non to state that being physically fit and healthy is a negative characteristic, but instead it is merely seeking to indicate out that what society is specifying as the ideal is subsequently revoked by that same society, or at the really least cast-off and seen as secondary to the truly of import mental art, sensitiveness and intelligence. This is where the dual criterion becomes evident. William Pollack, a Harvard clinical psychologist, negotiations about how males have been put in a # 8220 ; gender straitjacket # 8221 ; that leads to anger, desperation and frequently force. Pollack provinces, # 8220 ; We ask them ( work forces ) to take a whole scope of feelings and emotions and put those behind a mask. . . We tell them they have to stand on their ain two pess and we shame them if they show any emotion. # 8221 ; Pollack says that male childs are shame phobics and # 8220 ; some will [ even ] putting to death to avoid shame # 8221 ; ( Gwartney 1998 ) . It appears that the criterion defined by society allows work forces to show their emotion merely through choler. With such rigorous conflicting outlooks, a male frequently doesn # 8217 ; t cognize how to move. Rigid stereotypes have been emphasized to them from an early age of what it means to truly be a adult male. However, work forces are frequently criticized for being one dimensional in their behaviour and emotions. They are expected by society to be sensitive and demo their emotions. # 8220 ; Men are so insensitive! # 8221 ; # 8216 ; Are they? Why do adult females believe work forces are so insensitive? Do they recognize that insensitiveness is what work forces have been taught their whole lives? Realistically, work forces are in a no? win state of affairs. If they don # 8217 ; t demo their emotions, they are berated for being detached from the kernel of what truly constitutes a human being. On the other manus, if a male decides to expose his emotions, he is labeled as a # 8220 ; sissy # 8221 ; and non viewed as equal to other males who demonstrate more heroism and courage. Geneticss vs. Socialization Why do we take bluish for male childs and tap for misss? Why do we hold misss take dance and male childs play baseball? There is no familial difference as to why adult females would make laundry and a adult male would cut down the lawn. This is a consequence of externalisation ( Bowker 1998 ) . But are males more prone to # 8216 ; toughness # 8217 ; and maleness than adult females? Could it be said that genetic sciences play a factor in what is so frequently considered to be a socially defined facet of male maleness? In general, males are much more aggressive than females. Biologists and anthropologists would suggest that this is because worlds have evolved from a polygamous society. In that society males competed difficult to reproduce, and females worked to raise and back up the immature. These functions demanded aggression in males, and promoted regulations such as hierarchy, competition and laterality. A theory promulgated by David Buss takes into consideration the societal side of aggression while keeping that biological inherent aptitudes are the implicit in cause. He suggests in his book The Evolution of Desire that the being of big Numberss of work forces who can non pull a mate may increase sexual aggression and colza. He states that # 8220 ; force is frequently the resort of people who lack resources that would otherwise elicit voluntary conformity with their wishes. # 8221 ; Rape occurs more frequently by work forces who lack the position and resources that adult females want in couples ( Buss 1994 ) . Richard Wrangham and Dale Petersen take another position with their insightful article about Primatess. From their research they conclude that a high per centum of couplings were forced sexual intercourses. These findings were largely with the orangutan species, but there is besides grounds that Pan troglodytess and ducks participate in what appears to be colza. The theories suggest that natural choice has favored colza as a manner for smaller males to infuse females. This theory has besides been argued with worlds. Thus it could be said that males are genetically prone to force and aggression ( Wrangham 1997 ) . Decision Is there a dual criterion in maleness? It is evident through my statements that society expects work forces to be both # 8216 ; tough # 8217 ; and # 8216 ; soft # 8217 ; while some might reason that genetic sciences, inherent aptitudes and their animalistic nature for work forces to move more tough than soft. The paradox is apparent, the beginning equivocal. Regardless, maleness is an unrealistic outlook of work forces. Who or what are they supposed to be? Bibliography Betcher, William R. et Al. ( 1993 ) In a clip of fallen Heroes. New York, NY, Macmillan Publishing Company. Bowker, Lee H. ( 1998 ) Masculinities and Violence. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, Inc. Buss, David. ( 1994 ) The Development of Desire. New York, NY, St. Martin # 8217 ; s Press, Inc. Gwartney, Debra. ( October 17, 1998 ) # 8220 ; Double bind of male childs concerns psychologists. # 8221 ; Oregon Times. Katz, Jackson. ( 1995 ) # 8220 ; Advertising and the Construction of Violent White Masculinity # 8221 ; In Dines, Gail and Humez, Jean. ( Eds. ) Gender, Race and Class in Media. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications. Pollack, William. ( 1995 ) # 8220 ; Deconstructing Dis-identification: Rethinking psychoanalytic Concepts of male development. # 8221 ; Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy. 12 ( 1 ) 30-45. Stearns, Peter N. ( 1990 ) Be A Man! Males in Modern Society. New York, NY, Holmes A ; Meier Publishers, Inc. Thompson, Neil. ( 1995 ) # 8220 ; Men and Anti-Sexism # 8221 ; British Journal of Social Work. 25 ( 4 ) 459-475. Witt, Susan D. ( 1997 ) # 8220 ; Parental influence on kids # 8217 ; s socialisation to gender roles. # 8221 ; Adolescence. 32 ( 126 ) 253-257. Wrangham R. et Al. ( 1997 ) Relationship Violence in Demonic Males. New York, NY, Routledge.

The Sun Also Rises Response Essay Example For Students

The Sun Also Rises Response Essay The Sun Also Rises [I cannot express to you how glad I am that I am taking this class. I am thoroughly enjoying Hemingway. The Sun Also Rises is one of the best books Ive read in quite a long time. For a while there, I was, for God knows what reason, taking Physics and Chemistry and Biology. It is really an adventure to be back with books and words and reading. I am also amazed that I never could read more of Him when it wasnt an assignment. And how is it that when I am told to write a 3-5 page essay I can only come through with two-and-a-half, but a one-page response always wants to be twenty pages long?] I finished reading SAR around ten oclock tonight. I could have taken it all in one big gulp when I began a week ago, but I couldnt do that. It wanted me to bring it out slowly, so I often found myself reading five or ten pages and laying it aside to absorb without engulfing. A man gets used to reading Star Wars and pulp fiction and New York Times Bestsellers and forgets what literature is until it slaps him in the face. We will write a custom essay on The Sun Also Rises Response specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This book was written, not churned out or word-processed. Again, I thoroughly enjoyed reading. I never noticed it until it was brought up in class, maybe because it wasnt a point for me in In Our Time, but He doesnt often enough credit quotations with, ,he said, or, ,said Brett, or, ,Bill replied. In SAR it stood and called attention to itself. I wasnt particularly bothered by His not telling me who said what, but it was verypointed. I first noticed around the hundredth page or so. Then I realized I couldnt keep track of who was speaking. By not dwelling on it, though, sort of (hate to say this) accepting it, I managed to assign speech to whomever I felt was speaking. Gradually I came to enjoy it, in another plane of reading, figuring out from whom words were originating. To not notice it, as if it were one of those annoying 3-D posters that you cant see until you make a concerted effort not to try and see, became simple much like those 3-D pictures are once you know what not to look for. (I abhor ending sentences with prepositions ) His not telling was heightening to the story. It made things come even more alive. As a conversation that youre hearing at a nearby table in a restaurant, the exchanges flowed, with me as a more passive reader than in a story written to be read instead of lived. It has always been troubling for me to read a book with the knowledge that there are things I am supposed to be catching, but not quite. The fish in the pools and the allegory and analogy and symbolism arent fond of me. Trying to see that the bull-fighters and their purity or lack and how it relates to Him as a writer surrounded by a universe of new fiction printed for the masses, that is all fine and well. The short sentences, the lack of qualifying, he saids and she saids and such, the tragedy of his love for Brett, those are the things I enjoy reading. Those are the reasons I read and the reasons a man like Him writes. There are stranger things, Horatioor something like that. I believe Paul Simon read Hemingway at some point in his life. Stillcrazymotherandchildreunionreneandgeorgettemagrittewith It is a good book. I was surprised that more was not given to the bulls. The entire story was leading to it, and then it was done and they were gone. Very powerful they were but fleeting. .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb , .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb .postImageUrl , .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb , .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb:hover , .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb:visited , .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb:active { border:0!important; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb:active , .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaee457fe6b7e2157e4301d4524941deb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: This is my introduction to the brain and spinal co Essay I want to go now, of course, to Pamplona, as Im sure everyone who reads does after finishing. It is probably terrrrrrrible now with touristas and Coke and Nike all around, but I bet still beautiful. A man was killed this year, did you know?

Free Essays on Reaction

When someone puts you in danger, you have two choices of how to react. You could look at all the good qualities that person may have, or focus on the few things they did wrong. In â€Å"the Diary of Anne Frank†, written by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett, Anne is one character that tends to look at the good side of people, rather than focusing on the bad. She almost always reacted with optimistic, empathetic, and positive feelings, three of her best character traits. With such a good attitude towards everything, she could always cheer the others up. Anne is someone that the other people hiding in the attic could have learned a lot from. In fact, anyone could learn a great deal of coping skills from Anne if they read her diary. Sometimes people choose to hate people because it is an easier way out and may be a quick solution. Although it is natural to be angry when safety is threatened, it is more admirable to look to the goodness possessed by most people. Optimism is the key to true happiness. One of Anne’s most powerful character traits is her optimistic attitude, because it made her able to always look on the bright side of things, instead of thinking negatively. For instance, the quote from Anne’s diary, â€Å"In spite of everything, I still believe people are really good at heart.† (p. 87) shows how she is optimistic. Even though they had been forced to leave their home, friends, and normal life to go into hiding, she never seemed to focus on the obvious evil that was right in front of her. She looked at it more like a stage in someone’s life, that everyone goes through, whether it’s big or small. This helped Anne to live a happier, more cheerful life, and that is most likely how she got through the time they lived secretly in the annex. Being optimistic means that you are quite hopeful, and hope is something you need for survival. With a brighter view on life, optimistic people tend to be the ha ppiest in the long run. ... Free Essays on Reaction Free Essays on Reaction When someone puts you in danger, you have two choices of how to react. You could look at all the good qualities that person may have, or focus on the few things they did wrong. In â€Å"the Diary of Anne Frank†, written by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett, Anne is one character that tends to look at the good side of people, rather than focusing on the bad. She almost always reacted with optimistic, empathetic, and positive feelings, three of her best character traits. With such a good attitude towards everything, she could always cheer the others up. Anne is someone that the other people hiding in the attic could have learned a lot from. In fact, anyone could learn a great deal of coping skills from Anne if they read her diary. Sometimes people choose to hate people because it is an easier way out and may be a quick solution. Although it is natural to be angry when safety is threatened, it is more admirable to look to the goodness possessed by most people. Optimism is the key to true happiness. One of Anne’s most powerful character traits is her optimistic attitude, because it made her able to always look on the bright side of things, instead of thinking negatively. For instance, the quote from Anne’s diary, â€Å"In spite of everything, I still believe people are really good at heart.† (p. 87) shows how she is optimistic. Even though they had been forced to leave their home, friends, and normal life to go into hiding, she never seemed to focus on the obvious evil that was right in front of her. She looked at it more like a stage in someone’s life, that everyone goes through, whether it’s big or small. This helped Anne to live a happier, more cheerful life, and that is most likely how she got through the time they lived secretly in the annex. Being optimistic means that you are quite hopeful, and hope is something you need for survival. With a brighter view on life, optimistic people tend to be the ha ppiest in the long run. ...

Facilities for Juvenile Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Facilities for Juvenile Offenders - Essay Example As part of its historical transition, it also had an increase in the counties it served, including Madison, King George, Spotsylvania, Louisa and Orange (Morris & Kristin, 2008). Opened in 1976, The Lancaster Youth Service Center originally operated as The Attention Center for Youth, providing momentary custody and sentencing services for Lancaster County youth. It had an initial 17 room capacity, plus two outdoor recreational facilities. In 1984, the Individualized Developmental Systems Approach Treatment Program was added to the centre. The introduction of the Drug and Alcohol Education Program in 1989 marked another improvement (Morris & Kristin, 2008). A second facility was opened in West Stanton in 1995 to ease overcrowding. It served youths with non violent charges. A year later in 1996, a business office wing was built to provide more space for a new Intake Center. In the same year, the medical exam room was renovated. In 2000, it was expanded to a 60-bed capacity and renamed to the current Lancaster County Youth Services Center. Over the past 30 years, the facility has grown to include an accredited school, medical screening and emergency services, counselors to help with the frustrations of detainment, and a Chaplain (Morris & Kristin, 2008). This facility initially operated under the name Oak Hill Youth Center in Laurel, Maryland. It was plagued with a poor reputation, including rats and vermin infestation. Snakes were also found in the hallways by a monitor appointed by the court (Morris & Kristin, 2008). The youths assaulted staff, and staff also assaulted them. There were rampant cases of drug and alcohol abuse, and weapons were also found inside the facility. Cases of escape were also on the rise. Following a visit organized by the juvenile justice community, Oak Hill was sued by the Public Defender Services for poor services to youth in 1985. This led to the redesigning and change of name to The New Beginnings Youth Development Center in

Anthropological Perspective on Education Reform in Chicago Research Paper

Anthropological Perspective on Education Reform in Chicago - Research Paper Example The Chicago School Reform Act of 1988 has been a clear example of the efforts of legislators in USA to identify educational systems that can be feasible, in terms of the resources available, and that ensure equality and quality in education. The above Reform Act has introduced a unique scheme, the Local School Councils (LSCs). This scheme aimed to ensure that student learning is kept at high levels in all public schools in Chicago. In practice, it has been proved that the achievement of the above target is related to many challenges. One of the key weaknesses of LSCs has been its failure to secure the participation of parents in critical educational decisions. Of course, it has been proved that not all parents are ready or willingness to support such initiatives. Still, it seems that the high majority of parents would be ready to participate in innovative schemes, such as the parental networks, for improving their cooperation with their children in regard to the learning process. The review of the literature published in this field has proved that the involvement of parents in parental networks would highly improve the performance of LSCs. At the same time, parental networks would help parents to participate more actively in the learning process, a fact that would make this process more attractive to children. As a result, the parental networks could support the increase of responsiveness of children to learning, either in the short or the long term. 1. Introduction Education in Chicago is provided under the control of the Chicago Board of Education (CBE). The above organization, which was first established in 1840 (CBE 2012), has ‘the responsibility for the governance, organizational and financial oversight of public education in Chicago’ (CBE 2012). Education in Chicago has passed a strong crisis. In 1987, the region’s public schools were considered ‘as the worst across the nation’ (CBE 2012). Today, the public schools of Chic ago are considered as a model of innovation, a fact related to the Chicago School Reform Act of 1988/89 (CBE 2012). For many years, education in Chicago public schools had been problematic. The Chicago School Reform Act of 1988 has introduced in order to help towards the decentralization of Chicago’s school, a strategy that was expected to support the improvement of Chicago’s educational system (Soltero 2009, p.58). The increase of participation of parents in the local educational system and the enhancement of the power of the major to participate in the decisions related to Chicago’s public schools were two important features of the Reform Act (Soltero 2009, p.58). The provision of equal rights to children of different racial and economic background has been one of the priorities of the Chicago School Reform. The Reform has been based on the rules of ‘1988 Chicago School Reform Act’ (Koval et al. 2006, p.249). The Reform has been initiated so that two key issues are addressed: a) ‘equality and quality in education are secured’ (Koval et al. 2006, p.249), b) the current market needs for appropriately educated professionals are fully covered (Koval et al. 2006, p.249). The establishment of the Local School Councils (LSCs) was considered as a strategy that could educators to achieve the above goals. Through these Councils ‘

Luxury and convenience commodities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Luxury and convenience commodities - Assignment Example Now the building up of the habit to gain access to such convenience products happens to cite different alternatives or substitutes of such products to the consumer. The consumer of convenience products in addition to building up a relationship with the product category also tends to reflect a passion for a certain brand relating to the same. However in absence of the specific brand of such convenience product the consumer in the light of other possible alternatives tends to frequently switch over to other available brands. Hence the marketer of the brand of such convenience product needs to develop strategies to attract and sustain the consumers of such products in the global marketplace. The marketer needs to further understand that the total gamut of convenience products available in the marketplace can be generally sub-divided into three parts like Staple, Impulse and Emergency. Staple type of convenience products are refereed to such that tend to reflect a very large availability in the market like grocery commodities and even merchandises like petrol and diesel. Again Convenience products are categorized as being Impulse type where the consumers tend to get largely impulsive in gaining the same from market outlets. Thus commodities like chewing gum or chocolates are categorized as impulsive buys for they do not involve greater amount of planning. Similarly regarding Emergency products like safety aids, bandages and other repair and maintenance utilities and even medicines consumers desire to gain ready access to such in times of sudden needs. Thus in all the three categories of Convenience products it is observed that people procure such by chances or in needful situations thereby spending less time in planning and taking decisions (Baines, Fill and Page, 2011, p.294-295). Like convenience products where the marketer must focus on making every possible attempt to enhance the brand awareness of the same with the targeted consumers to reduce the chances of s witching over to other lower price alternatives strategies are also required to be in place for luxury or high priced merchandises. Consumers of luxury or high-priced products would not go for availing the same without rendering adequate planning. Consumers on the other hand would require gaining a large amount of information relating to the same before finally deciding on to purchase it from the market. Information gained substantially would help the purchaser in making adequate plans to gain the same. Thus herein the marketer is required to reinstate the benefits and advantages related to the brand of such luxury product in question to effectively lure and sustain the attraction of the person to the particular brand (Baines, Fill and Page, 2011, p.296). Management of Online Branding Activities for Luxury and Convenience Products With the development of internet and possibly of social networking platforms the marketing activities of producers and marketers of both convenience and l uxury commodities have gained far flung changes. Marketers of such products have come to acknowledge the fact that the emergence of internet has contributed to the birth of a global marketplace wherein a large number of consumers and buyers are found to mutually exist for different categories of products. Herein the online marketer in order to

Vision 2020 in Malaysia An Analysis

Vision 2020 in Malaysia An Analysis Abstraction To achieve a vision during a long time is very difficult because it needs a lot of means and also peoples consent in order to be realized. Malaysia is the best example to learn how can achieve a strategic plan by studying its vision that called (wawasan 2020). In this article our group wants to give a general view on the big project in Malaysian history i.e. vision 2020 (wawasan 2020). Firstly, we start by having a look to its definition, and then we want to show some fields which these visions focused on achieving its goals, and the challenges which are facing the vision nowadays. Introduction Malaysia is one of the earliest countries in the world due to Dr. Mahathir who conceived of Vision 2020 and encouraged all Malaysians to achieve this goal by sharing in this plan. Vision 2020 has come from a personnel vision -Mahathirs vision- and it very quickly became a national Vision due to the excellent communicator of this Vision by the prime minister and his government members. The Vision sets new and higher goals for national aspiration, and this vision contribute dramatically in changing the way Malaysians see themselves and the direction of their shared destiny. No longer are we resigned to the fact that we are a developing country that will, at best, remain second rate. Malaysians are urged by the Prime Minister to strive to be the best and not settle for the second best. There is nothing that we are not capable of doing, if we are prepared to work hard and use our ingenuity and resourcefulness. vision 2020(wawasan 2020): The following text is from the Malaysia vision web site , its explain the vision 2020 presented by Dr Mahathir Mohamed at the Malaysian Business Council. The purpose of this paper is to present before you some thoughts on the future course of our nation and how we should go about to attain our objective of developing Malaysia into an industrialized country. Also outlined are some measures that should be in place in the shorter term so that the foundations can be laid for the long journey towards that ultimate objective. Hopefully the Malaysian who is born today and in the years to come will be the last generation of our citizens who will be living in a country that is called developing. The ultimate objective that we should aim for is a Malaysia that is a fully developed country by the year 2020. What, you might rightly ask, is a fully developed country? Do we want to be like any particular country of the present 19 countries that are generally regarded as developed countries? Do we want to be like the United Kingdom, like Canada, like Holland, like Sweden, like Finland, like Japan? To be sure, each of the 19, out of a world community of more than 160 states, has its strengths. But each also has its fair share of weaknesses. Without being a duplicate of any of them we can still be developed. We should be a developed country in our own mould. Malaysia should not be developed only in the economic sense. It must be a nation that is fully developed along all the dimensions: economically, politically, socially, spiritually, psychologically and culturally. We must be fully developed in terms of national unity and social cohesion, in terms of our economy, in terms of social justice, political stability, system of government, quality of life, social and spiritual values, national pride and confidence. [01] Some policies and strategies of vision 2020 ( wawasan 2020 ): the Malaysia economic policy and strategy: This new policy can be considered an add-on document to the NEP; it provides a framework towards Dr. Mahathirs new vision 2020 plan symbolizing the way forward policy towards a developed nation in 2020. This will require the nation to maintain a 7-plus percent growth rates for the next 25 years. Prime Minister Mahathir believes raising workforce quality and developing expertise in sophisticated industries are decisive elements in the countrys road to economic success and development (Brown 1993: 43). In order to facilitate these growth requirements, the NDP has relaxed many of the FDI restrictions imposed by the NEP such as equity and licensing requirements and procedures. The purpose of the Industrial Master Plan which was formulated by the United Nations Industrial.[ 02 ] Malaysia economic policy focuses on some fields to achieve its purposes : Export Facilitation. Import Substitution. Tariff Structure, Strategic Exposure. Export Facilitation: The economic rationale of Malaysia to promote exports provides the nation with three important advantages. First, it generates foreign-exchange that can reduce the amount of foreign debt needed to fund development. Second, it contributes to developing a competitive industry infrastructure from learning from investors- a move that brings technological excellence leading to higher value-added exports. By the promotion of specific industries, such as the semi-conductor industry, has speeded technology acquisition and enhanced the nations competitive Worldwide positioning. Finally, FDI provides employment in the industry sector, which to a large extent is attracted from the agricultural sector. [ 02 ] Tariff Structure: As a link to the policy of maintaining a stable economy with past budget strategies of controlling inflation, there have been major reductions and abolition of import duties on goods and services. The 1995 budget proposes a reduction of tariffs imposed on over 2,600 items of which a majority is food items (Budget 1995: 22). Also, tariffs on building materials and household appliances have been reduced. These measures will not only control inflation, but also enhance the quality of life and favor the overall climate for investments. However, Ad Valorem taxes are imposed on imported goods and services (refer to Appendix 4) [ 02 ]. Import Substitution: Economic development in Malaysia was first built on the basis of Import Substitution, indicated by the large shift of GNP distribution from agricultural sectors to manufacturing sectors. Import substitution has increased in mainly three areas, transport equipment, Industrial chemicals and fertilizers and in Industrial machinery (Onn 1988: 28). However, exports constitute the main source of growth in the manufacturing sector from 1970-1990 (refer to appendix 6). This trend can be explained by economic policy that places great emphasis on improving industrial competitiveness as a vehicle towards vision 2020. [ 02 ] Strategic Exposure Strategic exposure represents a crucial component in Strategic Trade Theory. The rationale behind lowering barriers to trade and exposing local industry to foreign competition is to create a more competitive domestic industry (Hamilton 1989: 4). Such a Level Playing Field policy will force local firms to increase their competitiveness to survive. Strategic exposure represents a direct link to becoming an industrialized nation by 2020 and the realization of economic goals. Incorporating FDI as a strategic measure to enhance technological know-how can reduce domestic learning and experience curves in selected industries. By giving foreign investors considerable tax deductible incentives in areas such as training of local employees, research and development and in promotion of exports Malaysia has been able to increase World wide competitiveness as demonstrated by increasing exports and GDP (Carrol, Errion 1991: 21). Malaysia aims for the year 2000 to have at least 1.6% of GDP spent on RD and is predicting that at least 40% will come from the private sector[ 02 ] Higher educations policy and strategy : Universities In Malaysia, with the cooperation of the local universities formulate and create action plans for reforming engineering education in preparation for the professional expectations of the future. As a result, the universities are urged to act and play a leadership role in improving the engineering education. Interaction with local and overseas industries should also be increased. This will facilitate more realistic and relevant joint projects for students and industry professionals. Through this interaction, universities will face a variety of real-world multi-disciplinary problems that are similar to the business operational problems locally and internationally. These problems can be used as test cases for solution approaches. Engineering students could form interdisciplinary collaborative teams to develop effective solutions to such problems. As a result, the desired attributes for the future engineers, for example, the ability to function on multidisciplinary team, the ability to identify and solve engineering problems, the ability to understand the professional and ethical responsibility and the ability to communicate effectively can be achieved. [03]. Infrastructure and Facilities Universities need to establish consensus on relevancy of a set of a new fundamental for engineering education. This may include information technology, bio-engineering, nano-skill-technologies, skills and understanding necessary for effectively leading multidisciplinary-teams, the challenges of framing and addressing large-scale system-of-systems problems, sustainability, lifecycle management of systems, risk-based asset management, and the need of lifelong learning, globalization, demographic realities and need for diversity [ 03 ]. Academician The pedagogy of engineering education must be changed. According to Felder many students in the United States fail to excel with only the support of traditional method used in teaching engineering. Engineering students prefer active teaching method .Therefore; the traditional teaching engineering model must be changed to a new teaching model in line with the engineers of the 21st century. The future engineering education program should include the use of ICT (Information Communication Technology). This idea suggested by many undergraduate engineering students. The ICT genre involves the use of all tools in the forms of software, on-line program and resources to create new and improved conditions for learning, for example the use of e-learning, email, word processor, and web resources (both static information and dynamic interactive information) [03]. Using ICT in Education The concept of ICT in education, as seen by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia, includes systems that enable information gathering, management, manipulation, access, and communication in various forms. The Ministry has formulated three main policies for ICT in education. The first policy is that of ICT for all students, meaning that ICT is used as an enabler to reduce the digital gap between the schools. The second policy emphasizes the role and function of ICT in education as a teaching and learning tool, as part of a subject, and as a subject by itself. Apart from radio and television as a teaching and learning tool, this policy stresses the use of the computer for accessing information, communication, and as a productivity tool. ICT as part of a subject refers to the use of software in subjects such as Invention and Engineering Drawing. ICT as a subject refers to the introduction of subjects such as Information Technology and Computerization. The third policy emphasizes using ICT to increase productivity, efficiency and effectiveness of the management system. ICT will be extensively used to automate and mechanize work processes such as the processing of official forms, timetable generation, management of information systems, lesson planning, financial management, and the maintenance of inventories. [ 04 ] health policy and strategy: The MOHs vision for the future and the strategic objectives are based on its corporate values that incorporate professionalism, teamwork and caring. Strategic Goals Prevent and reduce the burden of disease Enhance the healthcare delivery system Optimize resources Improve research and development Manage crisis and disasters effectively Strengthen the health information management system Strategies Improve governance, and adoption of appropriate technology and service Practices to empower individuals, families and communities towards attaining lifelong wellness. Develop skills and competencies to further reduce mortality and morbidity rates in furtherance of strengthening the quality of healthcare delivery. Establish effective business strategies to enhance organizational Performance and the consumption of resources. Increase the use of evidence through research to support all levels of decision making. Elevate the level of preparedness in managing disasters and health-related crises effectively. Upgrade the standards of information and communication technology as well as health informatics to maintain sound health information Management [05]. Biological diversity policy and strategy: Principles: The vision 2020 (wawasan2020) in biological diversity based on the following principles: The conservation ethic, including the inherent right to existence of all living forms, is deeply rooted in the religious and cultural values of all Malaysians Biological diversity is a national heritage and it must be sustainably managed and wisely utilized today and conserved for future generations; Biological resources are natural capital and their conservation is an investment that will yield benefits locally, nationally and globally for the present and future; The benefits from sustainable management of biological diversity will accrue, directly or indirectly, to every sector of society; The sustainable management of biological diversity is the responsibility of all sectors of society; It is the duty of Government to formulate and implement the policy framework for sustainable management and utilization of biological diversity in close cooperation with scientists, the business community and the public; The role of local communities in the conservation, management and utilization of biological diversity must be recognized and their rightful share of benefits should be ensured; Issues in biological diversity transcend national boundaries and Malaysia must continue to exercise a proactive and constructive role in international activities; The interdependence of nations on biological diversity and in the utilization of its components for the well-being of mankind is recognized. International cooperation and collaboration is vital for fair and equitable sharing of biological resources, as well as access to and transfer of relevant technology; Public awareness and education is essential for ensuring the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable utilization of its components; in the utilization of biological diversity, including the development of biotechnology, the principles and practice of biosafety should be adhered to [06]. Objectives To optimize economic benefits from sustainable utilization of the components of biological diversity To ensure long-term food security for the nation To maintain and improve environmental stability for proper functioning of ecological systems To ensure preservation of the unique biological heritage of the nation for the benefit of present and future generations; To enhance scientific and technological knowledge, and educational, social, cultural and aesthetic values of biological diversity; To emphasize biosafety considerations in the development and application of biotechnology;[06] Challenges of establishing vision 2020(wawasan 2020): The first of these is the challenges of establishing a united Malaysian nation with a sense of common and shared destiny. The second is the challenge of creating a psychologically liberated, secure, and developed Malaysian Society with faith and confidence in itself, justifiably proud of what it is, of what it has accomplished, robust enough to face all manner of adversity. The third challenge we have always faced is that of fostering and developing a mature democratic society, practicing a form of mature consensual, community-oriented Malaysian democracy that can be a model for many developing countries. The fourth is the challenge of establishing a fully moral and ethical society, whose citizens are strong in religious and spiritual values and imbued with the highest of ethical standards. The fifth challenge that we have always faced is the challenge of establishing a matured, liberal and tolerant society in which Malaysians of all colors and creeds are free to practice and profess their customs, cultures and religious beliefs and yet feeling that they belong to one nation. The sixth is the challenge of establishing a scientific and progressive society, a society that is innovative and forward-looking, and one that is not only a consumer of technology but also a contributor to the scientific and technological civilization of the future. The seventh challenge is the challenge of establishing a fully caring society and a caring culture, a social system in which society will come before self, in which the welfare of the people will revolve not around the state or the individual but around a strong and resilient family system. The eighth is the challenge of ensuring an economically just society. This is a society in which there is a fair and equitable distribution of the wealth of the nation, in which there is full partnership in economic progress. Such a society cannot be in place so long as there is the identification of race with economic function, and the identification of economic backwardness with race. The ninth challenge is the challenge of establishing a prosperous society, with an economy that is fully competitive, dynamic, robust and resilient. [ 07 ] Discussion Is Malaysia on track to 2020? This is the most important question every time the issue of Malaysia 2020 has been raised. And it is important to measure and evaluate the strategies and policies to keep Malaysia on track to 2020; Siddiquee (2006) [08] indicated that the recent reforms represent Malaysias attempt to remain relevant and competitive in a rapidly changing local and global environment. It is clear that the changes are largely consistent with NPM (National Public Management) principles and they are not only geared towards enhancing efficiency and institutional capacity of the governmental machinery, they also seek to transform it into a dynamic, market-driven and customer-oriented administration. It is true that Malaysia is ahead of other developing countries in terms of ICT infrastructure and its usage, however, there is a long way to go before Malaysia can catch up with other regional leaders like Singapore and South Korea. Presently, not only the number and types of services offered through such channels are limited but also the public access to such services is inadequate. On the one hand, the public awareness about such facilities is relatively low; on the other hand, pilot projects being carried out have exposed a variety of challenges Therefore, the reforms, although generally seen as steps in the right direction, have not brought about dramatic improvements in the public sector. An analysis of the public sector competence of 12 Asian countries from 1999 to 2001/2002 by the Global Competitiveness Report shows that Malaysias ranking has dropped from 46 in 1999 to 65 in 2001/2002. Malaysia has fared poorly compared with neighboring Singapore, which has ranked first for three consecutive years. Measured on a 0-7 scale (where 0 means least competent and 7 means the most competent), Malaysias scores are 2.24, 2.50 and 2.10 against Singapores 4.52, 4.4 and 4.7 during the same period. What is even more surprising is that Malaysias 2001/2002 ranking is below that of Thailand (44), Indonesia (48), and the Philippines (58). The Malaysian experience shows that there is hardly any quick fix to the problems of the public sector and that there is a long way to go before the goals envisioned are realized. Malaysia has, despite its efforts to develop ICT especially in the Multi Media Super Corridor, receded from place 25 (in 1997) on a relative competitiveness scale of infrastructure development to place 38 (out of 49 countries in 2001). Malaysia still implement new ways to achieve its goal The government have started implementing several initiatives to facilitate the smooth development of knowledge economy, particularly in the areas of science and technology (ST), research and development, info structure and financing. Examples of some of these initiatives include the launching of the National IT Agenda (NITA) and the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). These initiatives is to position itself in the global-map of knowledge-based economies and to undertake measures in ensuring that equitable access is targeted to all segments of Malaysia society. As a whole, k-economy provides the means to maintain sustainable rapid economic growth and competitiveness in the medium and long term. As mentioned earlier, the private sector will continue to become the engine of growth in k-economy with support from the public sector. At the same time, the objective of social and economic equity will still be a critical element in this new s tage of economic development but with the added responsibility of narrowing the knowledge gap among various groups, between urban and rural communities and across the regions. Hence, having the national policies and plans in place to drive human resources, private and public sector to achieve k-economy, who is responsible for coordinating and administration of the plans, policies and strategies implemented (Abdullah, Rose Kumar (2007))[09]. conclusion Despite Malaysia have achieved many goals from 1981 till now, there are many difficulties that encounter Malaysia for achieving visions 2020 and there are a lot of problems have to be solved such as the following problems: The big gap between Malay and Chinese and Indian citizens between each others whether in communication, dealing, relationships. The non-stabilization in the leaderships of Malaysia government since 2000. Inefficiency to build a new generation to adopt vision 2020 completely. Weakness of awareness of Malaysians society to implement vision 2020. Focusing on development of the big cities like KL, PENANG and disregard the other villages. References: http://www.wawasan2020.com/vision/p4.htmln. http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/1848/malay.html. N. M. Nor1, N. Rajab2 and K.M. Ismail3 ,Educating the Engineer of 2020 Malaysian Scenario ,University Teknologi Malaysia . College of Science and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Chan, Foong-Mae ,ICT in Malaysian Schools: Policy and Strategies ,Educational Technology Division, Ministry of Education, Malaysia, October 2002 from http://gauge.u-gakugei.ac.jp Ministry of Health Malaysia Strategic Plan 2006-2010,April 2008 from http://www.moh.gov.my/MohPortal/Pelan%20Strategik%20KKM%202006-2010.pdf Official declaration ,Malaysias national policy on biological diversity, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Environment and Technology, pp 23 , Thursday April 16 1998. http://www.primeministersofmalaysia.net/2020.php Siddiquee, A., N., (2006) Public management reform in Malaysia International Journal of Public Sector Management 19(4) 339-358. Abdullah, H., Rose, C., R., and Kumar, N. (2007) Human Resource Development Strategies: The Malaysian Scenario. Journal of Social Science 3(4): 213-222.

Environmental Inequality Essay -- Natural Disaster, Hurricane Katrina

In August of 2005, Hurricane Katrina vigorously tore apart the U.S. Gulf Coast Region killing at least 1500 people, ranking at the third deadliest hurricane in United States history. Author of Survival and Death in New Orleans, Patrick Sharkey (2007), looked specifically at data on New Orleans residents that perished during Katrina in an attempt to look at the communities that were most affected by this unfortunate disaster. The storm took the largest toll on the elderly population and by African Americans, who he argued were overrepresented in comparison to whites. The toll was not only physical but mentally damaging as well, due to the overwhelming amount of loss to their homes, family members, pets, and childhood neighborhoods in which they grew up in. Evidence from Ismail White’s (2007) study entitled, Feeling the Pain of my People, concluded that African Americans felt that the federal governments lacked in response to the hurricane and was so insufficient that had the vi ctims been white, the government would have acted differently. Therefore suggested traditions of economic and racial segregation has misrepresented segments of urban neighborhoods that have been isolated from resources, political influence, and economic gain and are therefore more susceptible to disasters, like Katrina. Images of New Orleans residents stranded throughout the city left a permanent impact towards those who followed media coverage, suggesting that the storm’s damage has been viewed at as anything but a natural disaster. â€Å"Katrina has come to be interpreted by some as a â€Å"metaphor,† for the inequality that pervades urban American, affecting poor, primarily Black segments of the urban populace most directly† (Sharkey 2007: 483). African Americans... ... a separation due to race, but in fact due to environmental justice. Therefore there is not a substantial amount of evidence to support either author’s claims. The studies lacked evidentiary support in both reports, such as the correct number of deaths and had insufficient samples that were not directly affected and could have been influenced by the media’s response or prior opinion. While examples such as the bridge incident did include racism towards New Orleans residents, it did not specify the race or ethnicity of what kind of people were forbidden to walk across the bridge to safety, but instead excluded everyone. Perhaps therefore then the issue is not simply race, but more so geological, economical, and social inequality that has led those citizens to feel that they had been the target of such a tragic disaster that has changed their way of life forever. Environmental Inequality Essay -- Natural Disaster, Hurricane Katrina In August of 2005, Hurricane Katrina vigorously tore apart the U.S. Gulf Coast Region killing at least 1500 people, ranking at the third deadliest hurricane in United States history. Author of Survival and Death in New Orleans, Patrick Sharkey (2007), looked specifically at data on New Orleans residents that perished during Katrina in an attempt to look at the communities that were most affected by this unfortunate disaster. The storm took the largest toll on the elderly population and by African Americans, who he argued were overrepresented in comparison to whites. The toll was not only physical but mentally damaging as well, due to the overwhelming amount of loss to their homes, family members, pets, and childhood neighborhoods in which they grew up in. Evidence from Ismail White’s (2007) study entitled, Feeling the Pain of my People, concluded that African Americans felt that the federal governments lacked in response to the hurricane and was so insufficient that had the vi ctims been white, the government would have acted differently. Therefore suggested traditions of economic and racial segregation has misrepresented segments of urban neighborhoods that have been isolated from resources, political influence, and economic gain and are therefore more susceptible to disasters, like Katrina. Images of New Orleans residents stranded throughout the city left a permanent impact towards those who followed media coverage, suggesting that the storm’s damage has been viewed at as anything but a natural disaster. â€Å"Katrina has come to be interpreted by some as a â€Å"metaphor,† for the inequality that pervades urban American, affecting poor, primarily Black segments of the urban populace most directly† (Sharkey 2007: 483). African Americans... ... a separation due to race, but in fact due to environmental justice. Therefore there is not a substantial amount of evidence to support either author’s claims. The studies lacked evidentiary support in both reports, such as the correct number of deaths and had insufficient samples that were not directly affected and could have been influenced by the media’s response or prior opinion. While examples such as the bridge incident did include racism towards New Orleans residents, it did not specify the race or ethnicity of what kind of people were forbidden to walk across the bridge to safety, but instead excluded everyone. Perhaps therefore then the issue is not simply race, but more so geological, economical, and social inequality that has led those citizens to feel that they had been the target of such a tragic disaster that has changed their way of life forever.

Cyberchondria: A New Media Syndrome Essay

Have you ever tried to find a treatment for a really bad flu on Google? How about a persistent pimple that won’t go away? Has your throat hurt really badly that you decided to search for instant relief through the internet? Then you’re one of the millions who self-diagnose. Trying to name what kind of medical problem one has by using books, medical dictionaries, past personal or non personal experiences, the internet, or even software applications, is called self-diagnosis. With the wealth of information from the information superhighway, anyone of any age can readily access health related information through the new media. Innovative handy digital devices make information access as convenient as breathing. Data is a finger tap away. Although there are no current statistics as to the number of Filipino internet users who self-diagnose, this issue is certainly a reality. In fact, as a result of the said issue, a new condition has emerged — Cyberchondria. What is Cyberchondria? According to Wikipedia, Cyberchondria is the result of internet research on health related issues. It refers to the baseless increase of a person’s anxiety because of the online medical information he or she has gathered. The term is coined from the prefix â€Å"cyber† which pertains to anything of computers, information systems, virtual reality and the Internet (Encarta, 2009), and the psychological condition called hypochondria. People with hypochondria are preoccupied with their health and claim to feel real symptoms. They believe that they have a serious illness but upon the doctor’s examination, there is no objective evidence of the illness they claim to have. The British Medical Journal publication â€Å"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry† in 2003 said that the word cyberchondria was first used in a British newspaper to refer to the use of the internet health websites to add to anxiety about health. Since the term hypochondria carries with it a rather offensive connotation, research studies have clarified that because the said word means â€Å"excessive concern about health†, cyberchondria is simply â€Å"online concern about health†. Cyberchondria and Search Engines Microsoft, a leading multinational computer industry that offers software, video game products, and online service conducted a comprehensive research in 2008 on cyberchondria and search engines like Google and Yahoo. Researchers Ryen White and Eric Horvitz concluded that if someone who does not have proper training and education in medicine searches the web about a symptom he or she has, they will most probably have increased anxiety. Aside from the escalation of worry, another result is the waste of time and money because of unnecessary doctor visits. The study also revealed that people who find medical information about their symptom online neglect to study all other options but rather focus on the first few results of the search. Among the 500 respondents that they questioned, nine out of ten admit that after researching on a minor symptom online, they were led to research about a much worse medical illness. They also found out that most users that self-diagnose online thought that the search results that appear are ranked according to the probability of them having that disease. This is actually not the real case since search engines rank search results according to computerized mathematic procedures called algorithms. Results are ranked according to how many times the searched word is found on the web page, the number of mouse clicks a web page receives and the number of other website links on the page. What causes Cyberchondria? Researchers and doctors alike have come up with reasons why online users have the tendency to develop cyberchondria. 1. Dr. Stephanie Bown, director of policy and communication of the Medical Protection Society, the leading provider of comprehensive professional insurance for doctors, dentists and health practitioners worldwide, said that the common people may not be able to correctly understand and interpret difficult medical information and terminology (GP Online, 2008). 2. Dr. Bown further said that web information on a certain minor symptom is so varied and so innumerable that they are conflicting. This causes confusion to the common person. 3. Microsoft researchers found out that online users do not have an accurate understanding of how search engines work. 4. Online users do not know that correct diagnosis of a certain condition requires so many considerations like age, family, and lifestyle. Dr. Google does not take up these factors into consideration. 5. For those who already suffer from anxiety, it is already a fact that they think worst of any circumstance. The unfiltered medical information will give anxious people the chance to know the worst case scenario about a minor symptom, which they will certainly brood over about. How to Avoid Cyberchondria 1. Dr. Stewart Segal, an American Family Physician who has dealt with patients having cyberchondria explains that online users need to understand the difference between medical â€Å"possibility and probability†. Possibility is always a certain likelihood, but medical probability is otherwise. Important health factors need to be considered very well before an illness could be found probable for a person. Therefore, anything is possible on the Internet, but it is not probable. 2. Understand how New Media marketing works. Information is packaged as a commodity online in order to attract more readers. Your online diagnosis may sound very real, but read any information with discernment. 3. Look for credible health websites. Go for the reliable sites that have bona fide doctors and health practitioners as contributors. There are now medical online clinics where doctors can be contacted through online communication anytime of the day, such as WebMD. In our country however, online clinics are not yet available, except for a few practitioners who offer help from their personal web pages. Then again, do not let the information you get from online symptom checkers worry you. Think of possibility and probability. 4. Do not self-treat based on information from the internet, especially the use of medications. Your incorrect treatment may lead to other medical concerns, which will make things, including anxiety worse. Buying drugs online isn’t very reliable, too. Websites may offer medication along with your diagnosis. Do not fall for it, this is still marketing strategy. Also there may be lapses as to how we understand terminologies since we are not medically trained. Misunderstandings of dosages and other pertinent medical information is very dangerous. 5. Do not stick to any single diagnosis, which goes both for the public and physicians alike. This leads to errors. Doctors always study more than one diagnosis and they usually begin considering the least serious. Their initial findings are subject to tests and conclusive verifications before the final diagnosis is reached. 6. If you have the information you need, consult your doctor with an open mind. Trust your physician that he or she can come up with a way better diagnosis than Dr. Google or Yahoo. 7. Do not worry yourself to death. Stress from anxiety can aggravate little symptoms that we feel. The best way to take care of our health is to live healthy and avoid worry. Remember that online medical health information can work two ways: for you or against you. How we handle what we find out online will determine this. Knowledge may be very helpful, but it can also be very crippling. You choose. Facebook Testimonials on â€Å"Have you tried online self-diagnosis?† â€Å" I wouldn’t recommend consulting the internet. tendency is you will get more anxious. my daughter has G6PD deficiency and when i looked it up the internet all i can say is poor baby but when her pedia explained it to us it is just a simple case and what we really need to avoid is feeding her soy. well her world won’t end if she can’t taste taho 😉 and my boy then had umbilical granuloma which is quite nerve wracking for me thinking it will be cauterized or operated when all the pediatric surgeon did was only tie it with a suture and after 1 week it is as if nothing happened†¦[sic]† -Kim Gumban Tinedo, 31 â€Å"Yes i did! It helped me in so many ways when I was pregnant. Since it was difficult for us to get an obstetrician who can speak English here in Dalian,China, I relied on the internet about what’s happening with me and my baby. There was one instance when we went to Beijing for general check-up and we were informed on the phone a week later that I will have a trisomy 21 baby and was advised to go for amniocentesis. We were alarmed when we heard about their findings but after several researches on the internet we didn’t submit to their suggestion but instead we relied on what we’ve researched and waited for my due date. Perhaps I just happened to get a reliable site which was perfectly right to what I’m looking for. I even get a weekly update on what to do and it did serve as my guide without consulting the OB anymore. And now everything’s fine with me and the baby is normal! Thanks to the internet! [sic]† – PS Charity Esmaya Alibo gha, 32 â€Å"Yes†¦ just last week, the result of our annual PE for employees came out. my result showed a lot of recommendations due to some health risks. And one of them was my high albumin result( 2+) †¦ i was alarmed. i googled it and found out that it can lead to serious renal problems if it progresses. I was anxious the whole day†¦[sic]† – Ryan Mark Pelaez, 32 http://www.gponline.com/News/article/934329/MPS-urges-caution-internet-self-diagnosis/ http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm http://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/mental-disorders/cyberchondria1.htm http://livewellthy.org/2011/04/10/cyberchondia.aspx http://webMD.com http:// wikepedia.com